Full-Retreat

Following a threat to a predator or perceived threat (e.g. Standing-Tall, Charging) an elephant or group of elephants turning and retreating from the offending animal while Head-Raising and Tail-Raising, with Ears-Stiff and Chin-Up. The animal(s) may Look-Back.

References: Douglas-Hamilton 1972: ch 6; Poole & Granli 2003; Poole & Granli 2011. (Full reference list)

This behavioral constellation includes the following behaviors: Ears-Stiff, Look-Back, Tail-Raising and occurs in the following context(s): Avoidance