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  • Introduction
  • ElephantVoices Calls Database - Call Types
    • Call Types DB structure
    • Laryngeal calls
      • Rumble
        • Rumble B1400110
        • Rumble C2312431
        • Rumble A3203413
        • Rumble U1605722
        • Rumble B3304802
        • Rumble U1700443
        • Rumble F1200221
      • Rev
        • Rev
        • Rev-Rumble
      • Roar
        • Rumble-Noisy-Roar (Z1701823)
        • Rumble-Noisy-Roar (B3820134)
        • Rumble-Noisy-Roar-Rumble (B1902649)
        • Mixed-Roar (C1500858)
        • Tonal-Roar-Rumble (B4504717)
        • Tonal-Roar (A3500220)
        • Mixed-Roar (B1702008)
        • Rumble-Mixed-Roar-Rumble (C1500922)
      • Cry
        • Cry-Rumble 1
        • Cry-Rumble 2
        • Cry-Rumble 3
        • Rumble-Cry-Rumble
      • Bark
        • Bark-Rumble
        • Bark 1
        • Bark 2
        • Bark 3
      • Grunt
        • Grunt
        • Grunt 3
        • Grunt 4
        • Grunt 7
      • Husky-Cry
        • High-Intensity-Husky-Cry 1
        • High-Intensity-Husky-Cry 2
        • Low-Intensity-Husky-Cry 1
        • Low-Intensity-Husky-Cry 2
    • Trunk calls
      • Trumpet
        • Pulsated-Trumpet
        • Trumpet 1
        • Trumpet 2
        • Trumpet 3
      • Nasal-Trumpet
        • Nasal-Trumpet 1
        • Nasal-Trumpet 2
        • Nasal-Trumpet 3
        • Nasal-Trumpet 4
      • Snort
        • Snort
    • Imitated and novel calls
      • Croaking
        • Croaking
      • Squelching
        • Squelching
      • Truck-like
        • Truck-Like-Call
      • Chirping
        • Asian female Chirping
        • Calimero Chirping
      • Purring
      • Whistling
      • Human speech?
  • ElephantVoices Calls Database - Contexts
    • Calls DB structure
    • Group-Defense
      • Alert
        • Comment-Rumble
          • Comment-Rumble (B2802022)
          • Comment-Rumble (A0400839)
          • Comment-Rumble (C2000742)
          • Comment-Rumble (C2810704)
          • Comment-Rumble (C3002923)
          • Comment-Rumble (F1012938)
          • Comment-Rumble (F1012908)
      • Defensive and Mobbing
        • Roaring-Rumbles
          • Roaring-Rumbles (F1200247)
          • Roaring-Rumbles (F1200235)
          • Roaring-Rumbles (Z2303558)
          • Roaring-Rumble (F1200230)
          • Roaring-Rumbles (B1500400)
          • Roaring-Rumbles (F1200310)
          • Roaring-Rumbles (A0800639)
          • Roaring-Rumbles (C0100849)
          • Roaring-Rumble (C2000628)
          • Roaring-Rumbles (F1200154)
          • Roaring-Rumbles (F1200159)
          • Roaring-Rumbles (F1200221)
          • Roaring-Rumbles (F1200230)
          • Roaring-Rumbles (F1200244)
        • Trumpet-Blast
          • Trumpet-Blast (B3820203)
          • Trumpet-Blast (B3903430)
          • Trumpet-Blast (B3903433a)
          • Trumpet-Blast (C2000625)
          • Trumpet-Blast (F1200210)
          • Trumpet-Blast (Z0403622)
          • Trumpet-Blast (Z1701504)
          • Trumpet-Blast (Z1701525)
          • Trumpet-Blast (Z2303050)
        • Noisy-Roar
          • Noisy-Roar (B3820134)
          • Noisy-Roar (Z2300512)
          • Noisy-Roar (Z2303520)
          • Noisy-Roar (Z2303508)
        • Softer-Overlapping-Rumbles
      • Startled and Alarmed
        • Startled-Trumpet
    • Sexual
      • Male-male competition
        • Musth-rumble
          • Musth-Rumble (U1304553)
          • Musth-Rumble (U1304640)
          • Musth-Rumble (U1304720)
          • Musth-Rumble (U1402530)
          • Musth-Rumble (U1402801)
          • Musth-Rumble (U1403517)
          • Musth-Rumble (U1605722)
      • Female choice
        • Female-Chorus
          • Female-Chorus (B0503226)
          • Female-Chorus (B0902600)
          • Female-Chorus (B1103130)
          • Female-Chorus (B2011610)
          • Female-Chorus (B2012530)
          • Female-Chorus (B2713053)
          • Female-Chorus (B2812400)
          • Female-Chorus (B3420641)
          • Female-Chorus (F0201809)
          • Female-Chorus (U1702630)
        • Estrous-Roar
          • Estrous-Roar (Z1905506)
        • Estrous-Rumble
          • Estrous-Rumble (A1102909)
          • Estrous-Rumble (U0401419)
          • Estrous-Rumble (B3304800)
          • Estrous-Rumble (Z1905454)
          • Estrous-Rumble (Z1701122)
          • Estrous-Rumble (Z194819)
        • Mating-Pandemonium
          • Mating-Pandemonium (A110202909)
          • Mating-Pandemonium (V0801220)
    • Mother-Offspring
      • Soliciting suckling
        • Begging-Rumble
          • Begging-Rumble (B1400110)
          • Begging-Rumble (B1612014)
          • Begging-Rumble (C2003022)
          • Begging-Rumble (C2900413)
        • Grumbling-Rumble
          • Grumbling-Rumble (A3300057)
          • Grumbling-Rumble (A3500210)
          • Grumbling-Rumble (A3500214)
          • Grumbling-Rumble (B1905847)
          • Grumbling-Rumble (F0712215)
          • Grumbling-Rumble (F0712402)
        • Cry and Cry-Rumble
          • Cry-Rumble (A3500150)
          • Cry-Rumble (B1004716)
          • Cry-Rumble (B1103233)
          • Rumble-Cry-Rumble (F0712402)
        • Roar and Roar-Rumble
          • Roar (C0210245)
          • Roar (C1500858)
          • Roar (C1501109)
          • Roar (C1501112)
          • Roar (A3500220)
          • Roar-Rumble (B4504717)
          • Rumble-Roar-Rumble (C1500922)
          • Roar-Rumble (F1001158)
      • Soliciting care or support
        • Husky-Cry
          • Low-Intensity-Husky-Cry (B1610531)
          • Low-Intensity-Husky-Cry (B2404107)
          • Low-Intensity-Husky-Cry (B2411650)
          • High-Intensity-Husky-Cry (B2403937)
          • High-Intensity-Husky-Cry (B2411653)
          • High-Intensity-Husky-Cry (C1500854)
          • High-Intensity-Husky-Cry (C1500925)
          • High-Intensity-Husky-Cry (C1500922)
          • High-Intensity-Husky-Cry (C3311653)
        • Cry or Cry-Rumble
          • Cry-Rumble (A3202035)
          • Cry-Rumble (A3202109)
          • Cry-Rumble (C2602942)
        • Roar or Roar-Rumble
          • Roar (C3311724)
          • Roar-Rumble (C3403100)
          • Rumble-Roar-Rumble (F1101137)
          • Roar-Rumble (F1200152)
        • Grumbling-Rumble
        • Separated-Rumble
          • Separated-Rumble (B2311943)
          • Separated-Rumble (B2311948)
          • Separated-Rumble (B2403522)
          • Separated-Rumble (B2403848)
          • Separated-Rumble (B2403918)
          • Separated-Rumble (B3501115)
          • Separated-Rumble (C1913131)
        • Alarm-Trumpet
          • Alarmed-Trumpet (B1603846)
          • Alarmed-Trumpet (Z0902950)
        • Separated-Roar-Rumble
          • Separated-Rumble-Roar-Rumble (B1902649)
          • Separated-Rumble-Roar-Rumble (B1902801)
          • Separated-Rumble-Roar-Rumble (B1903152)
          • Separated-Rumble-Roar (B3510750)
          • Separated-Rumble-Roar-Rumble (Z0902932)
          • Separated-Rumble-Roar-Rumble (Z0902943)
      • Receiving comfort
        • As-Touched-Rumble
          • As-Touched-Rumble (B5003707)
          • As-Touched-Rumble (F0903627)
          • As-Touched-Rumble (F1005335)
          • As-Touched-Rumble (F0903628a)
          • As-Touched-Rumble (F1005350)
          • As-Touched-Rumble (F1105220)
        • Baroo-Rumble
          • Baroo-Rumble (B3501717)
          • Baroo-Rumble (C0504657)
          • Baroo-Rumble (C3312859)
          • Baroo-Rumble (C3403110)
          • Baroo-Rumble (C3403115)
          • Baroo-Rumble (C3405417)
          • Baroo-Rumble (F0305734)
      • Reassuring and calling calves
        • Cooing-Rumble
          • Cooing-Rumble (B1600222)
          • Cooing-Rumble (B1600310)
          • Cooing-Rumble (B1600318)
          • Cooing-Rumble (B1700853)
          • Cooing-Rumble (C3311529)
        • Calling-Calf
    • Conflict
      • Aggression
        • Coalition-Rumbling
        • Threat-Rumble
          • Threat-Rumble (C0803310)
          • Threat-Rumble (C2810106)
        • Aggressive-Whoosh
          • Aggressive-Whoosh (Z1004410)
          • Aggressive-Whoosh (Z1005430)
          • Aggressive-Whoosh (Z1005740)
          • Aggressive-Whoosh (Z1005940)
      • Protest
        • Grumbling-Rumble
          • Grumbling-Rumble (B1501916)
          • Grumbling-Rumble (A1701030)
          • Grumbling-Rumble (A1902856)
          • Grumbling-Rumble (A3002926)
          • Grumbling-Rumble (A3202105)
          • Grumbling-Rumble (A3202112)
          • Grumbling-Rumble (A3203413
          • Grumbling-Rumble (A3504018)
          • Grumbling-Rumble (B1612059)
          • Grumbling-Rumble (B3713141)
          • Grumbling-Rumble (B1501904)
        • V-8-Rumble
          • V-8-Rumble (U1700443)
          • V-8-Rumble (B1613124)
          • V-8-Rumble (C2612421)
          • V-8-Rumble (C2612427)
        • Roar
          • Roar (050329_10_0128a)
          • Roar (A0703731)
          • Roar (A0801255)
          • Roar (A1701339)
          • Roar (C1401746)
          • Roar (C2501135)
          • Roar (E0211828)
        • Trumpet of Protest
          • Trumpet-of-Protest (C3111606)
      • Reconciliation
    • Social Integration
      • Bonding
        • Little-Greeting-Rumble
          • Little-Greeting-Rumble (B1905310)
          • Little-Greeting-Rumble (B2202938)
          • Little-Greeting-Rumble (C0604043)
          • Little-Greeting-Rumble (C0901910)
          • Little-Greeting-Rumble (C1401456)
          • Little-Greeting-Rumble (C192333)
        • Greeting-Rumble
          • Greeting-Rumbles (B0103126)
          • Greeting-Rumbles (C0914414)
          • Grumbling-Rumble (C1704841)
          • Grumbling-Rumble (C1900510)
          • Greeting-Rumbles (C2403916)
          • Greeting-Rumbles (C2811234)
          • Greeting-Rumbles (C2812420)
        • Greeting-Ceremony
          • Greeting-Ceremony (B3711713)
          • Greeting-Ceremony (C2403910-4010)
          • Greeting-Ceremony (C2502054)
        • Bonding-Ceremony
          • Bonding-Ceremony (B1502100)
        • Social-Trumpet
          • Social-Trumpet (B1501442)
          • Social-Trumpet (B1501517)
          • Social-Trumpet (B1502010)
          • Social-Trumpet (B1503259)
          • Social-Trumpet (F1112806)
        • Social-Roar
          • Social-Roar (A1102846)
          • Social-Roar (B2011552)
          • Social-Roar (B3420606)
          • Social-Roar (C2700024)
          • Social-Roar (Z1902505)
      • Logistical
        • Contact-Calling
          • Contact-Calls (B0103045)
          • Contact-Calls (B2104058)
          • Contact-Calls (B2313850
          • Contact-Calls (B2504224)
          • Contact-Calls (B2611643)
          • Contact-Calls (B3403050)
          • Contact-Calls (B4203122)
          • Contact-Calls (C0405804)
          • Contact-Calls (C2701253)
        • Let\\\'s-Go-Rumble
          • Let\'s-Go-Rumble (C0704032)
          • Let\'s-Go-Rumble (C2303017)
          • Let\'s-Go-Rumble (C2312431)
          • Let\'s-Go-Rumble (C2611505)
          • Let\'s-Go-Rumble (C2612025)
          • Let\'s-Go-Rumble (F1000821)
        • Cadenced-Rumble
          • Cadence-Rumble (C0915622)
          • Cadence-Rumble (C1001002)
          • Cadence-Rumble (C2404246 series)
          • Cadence-Rumble (F0304820)
          • Cadence-Rumble (F0304845)
    • Play
      • Lone and Social Play
        • Harmonic-Play-Trumpet
          • Harmonic-Play-Trumpet (A0502629)
          • Harmonic-Play-Trumpet (A0502703)
          • Harmonic-Play-Trumpet (B1101736)
          • Harmonic-Play-Trumpet (B1100922)
          • Harmonic-Play-Trumpet (B1100939)
        • Mock-Charge-Play-Trumpet
          • Mock-Charge-Play-Trumpet (B0800741)
          • Mock-Charge-Play-Trumpet (B1101310)
          • Mock-Charge-Play-Trumpet (B1101357)
          • Mock-Charge-Play-Trumpet (B1101336)
          • Mock-Charge-Play-Trumpet (B1701047)
        • Pulsated-Play-Trumpet
          • Pulsated-Play-Trumpet (B1101631)
          • Pulsated-Play-Trumpet (B1101651)
          • Pulsated-Play-Trumpet (B1101702)
          • Pulsated-Play-Trumpet (B1101710)
          • Pulsated-Play-Trumpet (B1101515)
          • Pulsated-Play-Trumpet (B1101528)
          • Pulsated-Play-Trumpet (B1101937)
        • Nasal-Play-Trumpet
          • Nasal-Play-Trumpet (B1100201)
          • Nasal-Play-Trumpet (A0503040)
          • Nasal-Play-Trumpet (A0502259)
          • Nasal-Play-Trumpet (C0600732)
          • Nasal-Play-Trumpet (C0601047)
  • ElephantVoices Gestures Database
    • Gestures DB structure
    • Attentive
      • Listening
        • Freezing
        • Listening
        • Monitoring
      • Looking
        • Eye-Blinking
        • Monitoring
        • Eye-Opening
      • Sniffing
        • Tracking
        • J-Sniff
        • Sniff-Toward
        • Explore-Touch
        • Periscope-Sniff
        • Trunk-Extension-Sniff
        • Monitoring
      • Touching
        • Explore-Touch
        • Foot-Touch
    • Aggressive
      • Threat
        • Forward-Trunk-Swing
        • Parallel-Walk
        • Tusk-Ground
        • Throw-Debris
        • Turn-Toward
        • Bush-Bash
        • Look-Back
        • Pursuit
        • Advance-Toward
        • Ear-Spreading
        • Ear-Folding
        • Head-Nod
        • Head-Jerk
        • Head-Swing
        • Head-Shake
        • Head-High
        • Standing-Tall
      • Escalation
        • Mock-Charge
        • Real-Charge
        • Coalition
        • Run-After
        • Bow-Neck
        • Coalition-Run-After
        • Pushing
        • Slapping
        • Tusking
        • Ramming
        • Dueling
        • Escalated-Contest
      • Submissive
        • Distant-Frontal-Attitude
        • Ears-Back
        • Skirt-Around
        • Head-Low
        • Back-Toward
      • Retreat
        • Look-Back
        • Turn-Away
        • Retreat-From
        • Run-Away
      • Post-Conflict Display
        • Exaggerated-Walk
        • Reaching-High
        • Kick-Dust
        • Redirected-Aggression
        • Reconciliation
    • Ambivalent
      • Apprehensive
        • Back-Bowing
        • Eye-Widening
        • Fearful
        • Trunk-Twisting
        • Panic-Running
        • Foot-Swinging
        • Touch-Face
        • Trunk-Sucking
        • Trunk-Curved-Under
        • Ear-Stiffening
        • Chin-Raising
        • Body-Jolt
        • Apprehensive
        • Tail-Raising
      • Displacement
        • Displacement-Grooming
        • Displacement-Feeding
        • Touch-Face
    • Defensive
      • Confront Predator
        • Ear-Spreading
        • Head-Shake
        • Throw-Debris
        • Bow-Neck
        • Kick-Dust
        • Mock-Charge
        • Real-Charge
        • Standing-Tall
        • Advance-Toward-Predator
      • Group-Defence
        • Reach-Touch
        • Bunching
        • Assembling
        • Panic-Running
        • Rear-Guard
        • Full-Retreat
      • Mobbing
        • Group-Advance
        • Group-Charge
    • Social Integration
      • Affiliative
        • Test-Urine
        • Back-Bowing
        • Reach-Touch
        • Spinning
        • Caressing
        • Eye-Widening
        • Body-Touch
        • Urinating
        • Back-Toward
        • Trunk-Twining
        • Social-Rubbing
        • Tusk-Clicking
        • Bonding-Ceremony
        • Test-Mouth
        • Head-Raising
        • Temporin
        • Mouth-Opening
        • Ear-Secretion
        • Rapid-Ear-Flapping
        • Test-Temporal-Gland
        • Ear-Lifting
        • Caressing
        • Tail-Raising
        • Gathering
      • Movement Initiation & Leadership
        • Ear-Slap
        • Waiting
        • Ear-Flap-Slide
        • Let\'s-Go-Stance
      • Spacial proximity
        • Tail-Swat
        • Kick-Back
        • Herding-Push
    • Mother-Offspring
      • Reassurance & Protection
        • Caressing
        • Trample-Ground
        • Sheltering
        • Shepherding
        • Defensive-Circle
      • Suckling
        • Solicit-Suckling
        • Food-Sampling
        • Reject-Suck
        • Suckle-Stance
        • Suckling
        • Suckle-Face
    • Sexual
      • Advertisement/Attraction
        • Penis-Erection
        • Female-Chorus
        • Post-Copulatory-Stance
        • Musth-Walk
        • Mating-Pandemonium
        • Trunk-Curl
        • Trunk-Bounce-Drag
        • Head-Toss
        • Chin-In
        • Ears-Tense
        • Ear-Wave
        • Urine-Dribbling
        • Musth-Temporal-Gland-Secretion
        • Marking
      • Sexual Monitoring
        • Test-Temporal-Gland
        • Test-Genitals
        • Test-Dung
        • Flehmen
        • Palatal-Pit-Area-Contact-Response
        • Place
        • Vomeronasal-Organ-Rinsing
        • Tracking
      • Male Male
        • Male-Male-Chase
        • Male-Male-Reach-Over
        • Male-Male-Mounting
      • Sexual Solicitation
        • Casual-Stance
        • Rump-Present
        • Soliciting-Guarding
      • Courtship
        • Mate-Guarding
        • Reach-Over
        • Rest-Chin
        • Driving
        • Standing
        • Mounting
        • Wariness
        • Chase
        • Estrous-Walk
        • Consorting
      • Post-Copulatory Act
        • Post-Copulatory-Stance
        • Mating-Pandemonium
        • Test-Semen
    • Play
      • Lone & Object Play
        • Flop-Trunk-On-Head
        • Trunk-Squelching
        • Object-Play
        • Tail-Raising
        • Eye-Widening
        • Play-Kick-Back
        • Play-Tusk-Ground
        • Play-Bush-Bash
        • Play-Throw-Debris
        • Feigned-Fear
      • Solicit Play
        • Head-Waggling
        • Solicit-Play
        • Play-Kneel-Down
        • Distant-Frontal-Attitude
      • Social Play
        • Climb-Upon
        • Grasp-Tail
        • Floppy-Run
        • Play-Head-Shake
        • Sparring
        • Play-Run-After
        • Play-Reach-Over
        • Play-Mount
        • Play-Rub
    • Death
      • Body Investigation
        • Silence
        • Back-Toward
        • Object Play
        • Explore-Touch
      • Intervention
        • Lifting
        • Carrying
        • Feeding
        • Body-Mounting
        • Covering
        • Trample-Ground
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